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01
Ad Hominem Attack
The evasion of the actual topic by directing an attack at your opponent.
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02
Appeal to Authority
Where an assertion is deemed true because of the position or authority of the person asserting it.
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03
Appeal to The Stone
Dismissing a claim as absurd without demonstrating proof for its absurdity.
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04
Argument From Silence
Where the conclusion is based on the absence of evidence, rather than the existence of evidence.
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05
Argument to Ignorance
Assuming that a claim is true because it has not been or cannot be proven false, or vice versa.
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06
Bandwagon Argument
Where a proposition is claimed to be true or good solely because many people believe it to be so.
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07
Circular Logic
When the reasoner begins with what he or she is trying to end up with; sometimes called assuming the conclusion.
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08
Ergo Decedo
Where a critic's perceived affiliation is seen as the underlying reason for the criticism and the critic is asked to stay away from the issue altogether.
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09
False Dichotomy
Two alternative statements are held to be the only possible options, when in reality there are more.
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10
Call For Moderation
Assuming that the compromise between two positions is always correct.
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11
Non Sequitur
An argument in which its conclusion does not follow from its premises.
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12
Red Herring
A speaker attempts to distract an audience by deviating from the topic at hand by introducing a separate argument the speaker believes is easier to speak to.
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13
Slippery Slope
Asserting that a relatively small first step inevitably leads to a chain of related events culminating in some significant impact/event that should not happen, thus the first step should not happen.
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14
Straw Man Argument
An argument based on misrepresentation of an opponent's position.
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15
Historian's Fallacy
Occurs when one assumes that decision makers of the past viewed events from the same perspective and having the same information as those subsequently analyzing the decision.
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